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The calls still appear in your Recents list and can still leave voicemail — they simply don't ring.
What iPhone still lets through: Apple is smarter than a plain contacts check. Calls ring normally if the number is in your Contacts, in your recent outgoing calls, or suggested by Siri from your Mail and Messages. So if you emailed a plumber last week, their call should still ring.
On Android the wording and location vary by manufacturer, because the Phone app differs between Google, Samsung, and others.
Some Samsung versions also offer Smart Call or Caller ID and spam protection, which flags suspected spam rather than silencing everything unknown.
The trade-off worth knowing before you switch it on. This setting is blunt: it silences every number not already known to your phone. That includes:
Because of this, get into the habit of checking Recents and voicemail once a day while it's on. Many people turn it on during a spam wave and switch it off afterwards.
Blocking one specific number instead: on iPhone, open Recents, tap the ⓘ beside the number, scroll down and tap Block this Caller. On Android, long-press the number in your call log and choose Block.
Does it stop spam texts? No — this is a call setting only. For texts, use Settings → Apps → Messages → Filter Unknown Senders on iPhone, or the spam protection built into Google Messages.
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