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Updated Food Storage & Safety
Why whole apples last so much longer refrigerated: cold temperatures dramatically slow the ripening and ethylene production process that eventually causes apples to soften and go mealy, so refrigeration doesn't just prevent spoilage — it meaningfully extends how long they stay crisp.
Cut apples — the browning question: the brown color that develops on cut apple flesh is caused by oxidation (an enzyme called polyphenol oxidase reacting with the air), which is a cosmetic, harmless change, not spoilage. It can be slowed noticeably by tossing cut pieces in lemon juice, another acidic juice, or even lightly salted water, which interferes with the browning enzyme.
Freezing apples: sliced apples can be frozen for up to about 8 months, best after a quick blanch or toss in lemon juice to prevent excessive browning and texture change, and they're generally better suited for baking after freezing than eating raw, since the texture softens.
Nearby questions in this topic include How Long Does Bacon Last in the Fridge? and How Long Does Dry Ice Last?.
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